NOTICE OF THESIS EXAM ASTRI ANNA

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NOTICE OF THESIS EXAM

 

ASTRI ANNA

202200010004

 

 

JANUARY 19, 2026, 14:00 PM

Building C, 7th fl., Room: C706

 

Adviser           : Ferdinan Okki Kurniawan, Ph.D.

Examiners     : Yanti, Ph.D. & Ekarina, Ph.D.

 

Title

INTERLANGUAGE IN SPONTANEOUS BILINGUAL SPEECH: INVESTIGATING INDONESIAN VOT PRODUCED BY L1 ENGLISH SPEAKERS IN MONOLINGUAL AND CODE-SWITCHING MODES

ABSTRACT

Interlanguage, a linguistic system that combines features of the first language (L1) and second language (L2), is commonly observed among L2 learners and bilingual speakers. In phonology, interlanguage refers to the intermediate sound system that emerges as learners attempt to produce L2 sounds while still being influenced by their L1. This study explores the potential presence of interlanguage by investigating the Voice Onset Time (VOT) produced by L1 English–L2 Indonesian speakers. Through VOT measurements of the Indonesian voiceless stop consonant /k/ produced in monolingual and code-switching modes during spontaneous speech, this study aims to provide insights into how language learners and bilingual speakers use their L1 and L2 in naturalistic settings. Five adult L1 English speakers participated in the study, and their VOT durations were measured using the Praat computer program. The findings indicate that speakers who acquired L2 (Indonesian) after the proposed critical period (i.e., a sensitive period for language acquisition) produced an interlanguage pattern in monolingual speech, with VOT values falling between their L1 and L2 norms. During code-switched speech, another interlanguage pattern was observed, with VOT values falling between their L1 and their L2 production. Meanwhile, one speaker who learned the L2 before the end of the critical period produced native-like VOT values in both monolingual and code-switching modes.

Keywords: VOT, L2, code-switching, bilingual speech