Deletion polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene is associated with low muscle mass in elderly people in Jakarta Indonesia

12/3/2018 12:00:00 AM

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Authors:Maria Dara Novi Handayani, Ahmad Hamim Sadewa, Arta Farmawati, Wasilah Rochmah

Publication date: November 2018

Kobe Journal of Medical Science

Volume:  64 (3), E119-E125

Link: http://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/journal/contents/64/E119.pdf

                    

 

Decline in muscle mass due to aging is a growing public health problem as it contributes to a decreased capacity forindependent living among elderly people. A clear understanding of genetic factors is important, as it is known that angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism affects muscle mass, although the findings are frequently heterogeneous. This study was conducted to determine the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and muscle mass in elderly people. A total of 130 elderly people were recruited from nursing homes in Jakarta. Anthropometric components affecting the muscle mass were examined. Cross-sectional analyses were performed to compare data using t-test, ANOVA  and  ANCOVA,  and  linear  regression.  Genotyping  of  the  ACE  I/D  polymorphisms  was performed by PCR methods, and muscle mass was evaluated by BIA. Genotype distribution counts II 65.38%, ID 13.85%, and DD 20.77% were not consistent with the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (χ2 = 22.2, df = 2; p < 0.01). Individuals with the DD genotype showed lower muscle mass that was significantly different compared to the muscle mass in individuals with the II/ID genotype (II 16.14 ± 0.38, ID 15.71 ± 0.59; DD 13.95 ± 0.61 kg), after adjusting for % fat as a covariate. The linear regression analysis showed that age, gender, weight, height, nutritional status, protein content, and waist, hip, and calf circumference were significant contributors to  muscle mass. In the  multivariate analysis, adjusted age and gender significantly correlated with muscle mass, with r2  = 0.98, by the likelihood ratio test (p < 0.01). The genotype variability accounted for 2.65% of the DD genotype.    This study showed that in an elderly population in Jakarta, the DD genotype was associated with low muscle mass. This result suggests the role of nutritional status as a potential mediator in the association between ACE gene and muscle mass.

 

Key words: ACE Polymorphism, Muscle Mass, Elderly